Polyandry (the practice of a woman having multiple husbands) was historically practiced in parts of northern and central Bhutan, particularly among yak-herding communities. While now rare, it reflects Bhutan's unusual gender dynamics in the South Asian context.
Overview
Polyandry — the marriage of one woman to two or more husbands, typically brothers — was historically practiced in parts of northern and central Bhutan, particularly among yak-herding communities in highland areas. The practice was most common in Gasa, northern Bumthang, and Laya.
Reasons
Fraternal polyandry[1] (where brothers share a wife) served practical purposes in harsh highland environments:
- Prevented the division of family land and livestock among multiple heirs
- Ensured labor availability when one husband was away with the herds
- Maintained family cohesion in communities with difficult living conditions
Modern Status
Polyandry has largely disappeared in modern Bhutan due to changing social norms, urbanization, and modern marriage laws under the Marriage Act of 1980. However, its historical prevalence distinguishes Bhutan from most South Asian societies and reflects the relatively high status of women in Bhutanese society.
References
Test Your Knowledge
Think you know about this topic? Try a quick quiz!
Help improve this article
Do you have personal knowledge about this topic? Were you there? Your experience matters. BhutanWiki is built by the community, for the community.
Anonymous contributions welcome. No account required.