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The Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (Dzongkha: སོ་ནམ་དང་ཕྱུགས་ལས་ལྷན་ཁག, MoAL) is the ministry of the Royal Government of Bhutan responsible for crop agriculture, livestock, food security, agricultural research and extension, agricultural marketing, and irrigation. Its headquarters are in Thimphu.^[1]

The ministry is the successor to the Ministry of Agriculture and Forests (MoAF), which had carried both portfolios from 2009 until 2022. Under the Civil Service Reform Act of Bhutan 2022, the forestry portfolio — including the Department of Forests and Park Services — was moved to the newly created Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, leaving MoAL with crops, livestock, and irrigation.^[2]

As of January 2024 the Minister is Lyonpo Younten Phuntsho, who holds a Master of Environment Management from Yale University and a Master of Science in Forestry Management from the Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy in Dehradun. He was sworn in on 28 January 2024 in the cabinet of Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay.^[3]

Mandate and Structure

Following the 2022 reorganisation, the principal departments and agencies under MoAL include:

The Department of Agriculture, covering crop production, seed systems, plant protection, and irrigation extension;
The Department of Livestock, covering animal husbandry, dairy, poultry, and veterinary services;
The Department of Agricultural Marketing and Cooperatives, which oversees the Food Corporation of Bhutan Limited's purchasing operations and the network of farmer cooperatives;
The Council for Renewable Natural Resources Research of Bhutan, which coordinates the four Renewable Natural Resources Research and Development Centres (RNR-RDCs);
The National Biodiversity Centre, which manages the gene bank and the national biodiversity policy.^[4]

Forestry policy and protected-areas management — including Wangchuck Centennial National Park — are administered separately by the Department of Forests and Park Services under the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, with operational coordination between the two ministries on issues such as human–wildlife conflict and forest-product marketing.^[5]

Policy Priorities

Bhutan's agriculture sector employs the majority of rural households and accounts for a substantial share of national employment, although its share of GDP has fallen steadily as hydropower and services have grown. The ministry's core policy priorities are food self-sufficiency in cereals (especially rice and maize), livestock-product self-sufficiency in dairy, eggs, and poultry, expansion of high-value horticulture for export (apples, citrus, potatoes, cardamom), and climate-resilient farming practices. The ministry has supported the development of farmer cooperatives, agricultural marketing cooperatives, and contract-farming arrangements with the Food Corporation of Bhutan.

Bhutan declared an aspiration to become a 100-percent organic agricultural producer in the early 2010s. Implementation has been gradual; the National Organic Programme operates within the ministry, but conventional inputs remain in use across most of the sector. As of 2024 the ministry has signalled a re-emphasis on import substitution and on smallholder commercialisation rather than on a strict organic-only target.^[6]

Constitutional Forest-Cover Commitment

Although forestry is now under MoENR, the constitutional commitment under Article 5(3) of the Constitution of Bhutan — that a minimum of 60 per cent of Bhutan's land shall be maintained under forest cover for all time — continues to shape MoAL's mandate, particularly through restrictions on agricultural land conversion and through the joint management of human–wildlife conflict in farming areas.

Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (Bhutan)

Mandate and Structure

Policy Priorities

Constitutional Forest-Cover Commitment

See Also

References