While hydropower dominates Bhutan's energy portfolio, the country is exploring solar, wind, and biomass energy to diversify its renewable energy base and serve remote communities not connected to the hydropower grid.
Overview
Bhutan's energy sector is dominated by hydropower, which accounts for approximately 70% of electricity exports to India and saves an estimated 4.4 million tonnes of CO2 annually. However, seasonal limitations and climate vulnerability have driven a national push to diversify into solar and wind energy.[1]
Potential and Targets
According to IRENA's 2019 Renewables Readiness Assessment, Bhutan possesses a theoretical potential of 12 GW for hydropower, 12 GW for solar power, and 760 MW for wind power.[2] The National Energy Policy 2025 targets 25 GW total installed capacity by 2040 — 20 GW from hydropower and 5 GW from solar and wind.[3]
Solar and wind generation profiles are complementary to hydropower, producing most power during the dry season (December–March) when hydropower output is lowest.[1]
Current Projects
The Sephu Solar Project is Bhutan's first utility-scale alternative renewable power plant, marking the first step toward generation portfolio diversification.[2] The country is also piloting projects in biogas and small hydropower.[1]
References
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